Step by step: how the engine arrived at the bottom line
The joint optimiser ran a grid search over (salary, pension) — salary in £100 steps from £0 to £60,000, pension in £500 steps from £0 to the £60,000 Annual Allowance — and evaluated each combination through the full tax stack. Here is the step-by-step trace that produced the optimum for a small business owner at £60,000 of company profit:
- Salary chosen: £12,570. Sits between the £12,570 PA and the £50,270 higher-rate threshold (paying basic-rate income tax + main-band employee NI).
- Employer NI on salary: £1,136 (15% above the £5,000 Secondary Threshold).
- Pension chosen: £0 as an employer contribution — CT-deductible, no NI either side, no income tax until drawdown.
- Pre-CT profit: £46,295 = company profit minus salary, minus employer NI, minus pension contribution.
- Corporation tax: £8,796 (regime: small).
- Dividend extraction: all post-CT profit paid out — £37,499.
- Personal taxes: employee NI £0 on salary; income tax £0 on salary; dividend tax £3,237 on the dividend (after the £500 Dividend Allowance and stacked above salary in the band schedule).
- Net cash: £46,831. Net wealth (cash + pension): £46,831.